Institute of Environmental Sciences

Director: Orhan Yenigun

Assistant Directors: Aysen Erdincler, Turgut T. Onay

Professors: Isil Balcioglu, Miray Bekbolet, Ferhan Cecen, Aysen Erdincler, Bahar Kasapgil Ince, Nilsun Ince, Gunay Kocasoy, Turgut T. Onay, Melek Turker Sacan, Orhan Yenigun

Associate Professors: Nilgun Kiran Ciliz, Nadim Copty, Andrzej Furman, Ali Kerem Saysel

Assistant Professors: Ibrahim Rasit Bilgin, Burak Demirel, Basak Guven

Instructor: Ceyda Senem Uyguner, Ayse Tomruk

The Institute offers graduate studies in M.S. and Ph.D. levels in the fields of Environmental Sciences and Environmental Technology. The M.S. program requires at least 27 credit hours of course work, 1 seminar and a written thesis. The Ph.D. program requires at least 24 credit hours of course work, 1 seminar, and a written dissertation. The Ph.D. candidates are required to pass a Comprehensive Examination before they commence their thesis work.

Students with an engineering background receive an M.S. or Ph.D. in Engineering upon completion of the M.S. or Ph.D. program in Environmental Technology.

Students with an engineering or pure sciences or social sciences background receive an M.S. or Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences or M.S. or Ph.D. in Social Environmental Sciences upon completion of the appropriate M.S. or Ph.D. program in Environmental Sciences.

Students with a pure sciences background receive an M.S. or Ph.D. in Environmental Technology upon completion of the M.S. or Ph.D. program in Environmental Technology.

The goal of the program is to prepare professional environmental scientists, engineers and researchers who can deal with the complexities of environmental problems, propose scientifically and economically meaningful solutions, develop recommendations for sound policies, and devise means to implement the policies adopted. Furthermore, the Institute aims to emphasize the importance of appropriate environmental technologies, intending to act as a leader institution for developing countries.

Credit requirement for the M.S. Program in Environmental Science is 27. Students with a B.S. degree in a field other than environmental engineering or chemical engineering may have to complete remedial courses before starting to take courses for their field of specialization.

Water and Wastewater Pollution
Air Pollution
Solid Waste Management and Soil Pollution

Environmental Pure Sciences: Restricted electives should be chosen from any 3 credit ESC-coded courses in the Environmental Pure Sciences group.

Environmental Social Sciences: Restricted electives should be chosen from any 3 credit ESC-coded courses in the Environmental Pure Sciences group.

Environmental Technology: Restricted electives should be chosen from one of the following groups of courses:
- Water and Wastewater Pollution and Control,
- Air Pollution and Control,
- Solid Waste Management and Soil Pollution.

Complementary electives may be any of the 3 credit courses that are in accordance with the program and research plan of the student.
Unrestricted electives may be any of the any 3 credit ESC-coded courses, or an equivalent course in English taken from elsewhere (different department of BU or another university).

All electives have to be approved by the advisor of each program.

The course load requirement for the Ph.D. program is 24 credit hours. Students with an M.S. degree in a field other than environmental sciences or engineering may have to complete prerequisite core courses from ESC M.S. programs before starting to take the PhD program courses.

In addition, the students have to register to the non-credit Esc 601 Ph.D. Seminar and Esc 790 Ph.D. Thesis. All students registered in the Ph.D. Program are expected to complete and present a Ph.D. dissertation at the end of their studies to fulfill the requirements of the Institute for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

ESC 500 On Site Training (Teknik Gezi) Non-credit
Visit to water and wastewater treatment plants, sanitary landfills, incinerators, etc. where students will be provided with technical information as well as crucial and practical aspects of pollution control methods.

ESC 501 Principles of Environmental Pollution (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevre Kirliliginin Prensipleri)
Principles of ecology, nutrient cycles; water pollution, quality parameters, standards and regulations; reaction kinetics and materials balance in aquatic systems; hydraulic models, batch, complete mix and plug flow reactors; water quality in rivers, streams and lakes; principles of water and waste water treatment; hazardous wastes and disposal methods with emphasis on solid waste and sludge; Environmental Risk Assessment; air pollution and control; global environmental problems.

ESC 503 Transport of Pollutants in the Environment (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevrede Kirletici Madde Tasinimi)
Introduction to fate and transport processes in the environment. Pollutant distribution among phases; solubility, volatilization, adsorption. Equilibrium partitioning among different phases; fugacity modeling. Modeling of physical transport mechanisms; advection, molecular diffusion, dispersion. Application of transport processes to surface waters, the subsurface and the atmosphere. Air-water exchange, non-aqueous phase liquids.

ESC 504 Computational Methods in Environmental Analysis (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevre Analizinde Hesaplama Esaslari)
Review of numerical techniques used in the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations; principles of finite difference and finite element methods; linear and non- linear systems; stability and convergence. Error estimation. Current statistical methods for environmental data analysis. Computer applications.

ESC 505 Public Health Engineering (Halk Sagligi Muhendisligi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
General principles of vector control; communicable diseases. Environmental conditions in living and working environment such as light, heat, noise and moisture. Disaster sanitation. Sanitation of swimming environments. Principles of plumbing.

ESC 507 Modern Concepts in Environmental Engineering (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevre Muhendisliginde Guncel Kavramlar)
Overview of environmental issues and the engineering approach to modern concepts in clean technology design. Modeling techniques for controlling urban smog, PCB's, toxic chemicals, CFC's and global warming. Tools of policy assessment: risk assessment, decision analysis and environmental forecasting.

ESC 509 Energy and Environment (Enerji ve Cevre) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Energy cycles in the environment. Conventional energy production and consumption as related to environmental pollution. Alternative energy sources; solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, energy from biomass. Energy from waste. Policy making in energy conservation.

ESC 510 Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Yeraltisuyu Akisi ve Kirletici Iletimi)
Groundwater occurrence; aquifer properties; steady and transient flow in porous media; saturated/unsaturated flow; well hydraulics and pumping test analysis. Contaminant transport processes; groundwater remediation; numerical modeling; real life applications.

ESC 511 Environmental Biotechnology (Cevre Biyoteknolojisi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Basics of microbiology; stoichiometry of bacterial energetics; microbial, enzyme and biofilm kinetics. Principles of biodegradation; effects and kinetics of inhibitory growth and residual product formation; bioleaching; xenobiotics. Introduction to activated sludge, lagoon and aerobic biofilm processes. Biotechnological means of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, detoxification, drinking water treatment; bioremediation.

ESC 512 Advanced Techniques in Treatment Plant Design (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Aritma Tesisi Tasariminda Ileri Teknikler)
Modern principles of plant design; hydraulic flows; arrangement and orientation of plant units and components; installation of mechanical equipment; optimization of by-pass flows; construction materials. Primary and secondary wastewater treatment plant design: screens, grit chambers, control weirs, grease and oil removal systems; air flotation, activated sludge and biofilm systems. Computer-aided design systems; application practices with case studies and real data.

Water and Wastewater Pollution and Control

ESC 513 Industrial Water Quality Control (2+0+2) 3 ECTS 6
(Endustriyel Su Kalite Kontrolu)
Sources and characteristics of industrial wastewaters; discharge regulations related to pretreatment, priority pollutants and hazardous wastes. Treatment alternatives; pretreatment, combined treatment and physicochemical treatment systems. Biodegradability and toxicity; inhibition kinetics. Pollution removal processes: separation, adsorption, PACT, chemical oxidation. Toxicity reduction and bio-degradability improvement, membrane processes. Case analysis and discussions from selected industries.

ESC 514 Water Quality Management (Su Kalitesi Yonetimi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Sources and uses of water; the hydrological cycle; physical, chemical and biological characteristics and methods of analysis. Water quality standards and global perspectives. Stoichiometry, reaction kinetics and material balances; reactor models in natural systems. Modeling of water quality by the "contaminant movement process" approach. Water quality in rivers, estuaries, lakes and reservoir systems. Introduction to water and wastewater treatment.

ESC 515 Marine Pollution (Deniz Kirliligi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Introduction to coastal pollution. Oil spills and clean-up. Consequences of oil pollution. Heavy metal pollution. Marine hydrodynamics and pollutant dispersion in the marine environment. Thermal pollution.

ESC 516 Water and Wastewater Treatment: Physicochemical Processes (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Su ve Atiksu Aritimi: Fizikokimyasal Surecler)
Chemical and physical concepts in water and wastewater treatment; thermodynamics of equilibrium reactions. Analysis of water and wastewater constituents. Principles of physical and chemical operations in water and wastewater treatment; stoichiometry, mass balance and hydraulic flow regimes; theories and practices in screening, sedimentation, mass transfer/aeration, coagulation/flocculation, filtration and adsorption. Physicochemical treatment of dissolved constituents. Disinfection; chemical processes and residuals management; physical and radiation processes; disinfection kinetics.

ESC 517 Water and Wastewater Treatment: Biological Processes (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Su ve Atiksu Aritimi: Biyolojik Surecler)
Biological characteristics of water; principles of microbial metabolism; bacterial growth kinetics. Aerobic and anaerobic treatment systems; attached and suspended growth processes. Theory and design principles of activated sludge, trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, lagoons and stabilization pond processes. Biological nutrient removal. Toxicity screening of water and wastewater systems by microbial testing methods.

ESC 518 Fundamentals of Anaerobic Digestion Processes (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Havasiz Curutme Surecleri)
Biochemistry, microbiology and kinetics of anaerobic digestion; influence of environmental factors and toxic substances; process monitoring and control. Anaerobic treatment processes and industrial applications; case studies with CFSTR, contact and upflow sludge-bed reactors, anaerobic filters, rotating biological contactors, carrier-assisted contact reactors, hybrid, expanded-bed reactors and fluidized-bed reactors. Start-up of anaerobic reactors; developments in reactor design.

ESC 519 Low Cost Wastewater Treatment (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Dusuk Maliyetli Atiksu Aritma)
Stabilization ponds, lagoons and other land treatment methods as appropriate wastewater treatment technologies; performance and limitations of slow irrigation of agricultural areas, overland flow and rain infiltration techniques; site visits.

ESC 521 Air Pollution and Control (Hava Kirliligi ve Kontrolu) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Causes of air pollution; air pollution sources and parameters; temperature inversion. Chemistry of air pollution. The atmosphere as a medium of transport: overview of atmospheric turbulence. Semi-empirical equation of atmospheric diffusion. Introduction to air pollution modeling; Gaussian models in air pollution assessment. Measurement of air pollution parameters. Air pollution control; gas absorption, particulate collection techniques.

ESC 523 Advanced Air Pollution Modeling (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Ileri Hava Kirliligi Modellemesi)
Mathematical modeling as a tool; meteorological modeling, diagnostic and prognostic models; Eulerian and Lagrangian dispersion models; dry and wet deposition; modeling global air pollution; statistical methods in air pollution modeling; working with air pollution modeling software.
Prerequisite: ESC 521.

ESC 531 Solid Waste Management (Kati Atik Yonetimi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Types, quantities and sources of solid wastes collection, storage, transfer and transport. Disposal alternatives: landfills, incineration, composting. Integrated solid waste management; legislative aspects; solid waste management by source reduction and recycling; policy development for source reduction and recycling in communities.

ESC 532 Solid Waste and Soil Analysis (Kati Atiklar ve Toprak Analizi) (2+0+2) 3
Determination of characteristics of soil and solid waste. Biodegradability of wastes. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of soils. Determination of composition and calorific value of solid wastes.

ESC 533 Soil Pollution and Control (Toprak Kirliligi ve Kontrolu) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Causes of soil pollution. Assessment of soil pollution due to agricultural, industrial and other practices. Methods of remediation of soil pollution.

ESC 534 Landfill Leachate Treatment Techniques (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cop Sizinti Suyu Aritma Teknikleri)
Effects of landfills on water quality; quantities and characteristics of leachate produced by landfills; parametric considerations of landfill stabilization; effect of recirculation on landfill stabilization and leachate quality; on-site leachate treatment plant design and operation.

ESC 535 Composting Technologies (Kompostlastirma Teknolojileri) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Theory and principles of composting; methods and operations. Anaerobic methods for municipal solid wastes; procurement and evaluation; marketing. Odor management, public health issues, beneficial uses of compost.

ESC 544 Eco-management (Eko-yonetim) (3+0+0) 3
Improving environmental performance through implementation of integrated management systems. Combined application of environmental management systems and cleaner products for enterprises. Global use of simplified life cycle assessment. Policy integration, strategy and action planning for the application of Eco-Mark program. The role of regulatory systems in demand of environmentally friendly products.

ESC 551 Environmental Chemistry (Cevre Kimyasi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Topics related to the sources, reactions, transport, effects and fates of chemical species in water, soil and air environments. Properties of water and bodies of water in relation to the basic principles of chemistry. Aquatic microbial biochemistry principles. Composition and chemistry of the atmosphere. Particles in the atmosphere and air pollution. Composition and properties of soil in relation to soil pollution.

ESC 552 Chemistry for Environmental Sciences and Engineering (2+0+2) 3 ECTS 7
(Cevre Bilimleri ve Muhendisliginde Kimya)
Basic concepts from general, physical, organic and nuclear chemistry and biochemistry. Introduction to qualitative and quantitative analyses of water and wastewater. Principles of sampling. Laboratory work for pollution parameter determination.

ESC 553 Chemistry of Natural Water Systems (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Dogal Su Sistemlerinin Kimyasi)
Description of chemical processes affecting the distribution and circulation of chemical compounds in natural waters, including chemical thermodynamics, acids and bases, precipitation, oxidation and reduction. Chemical characteristics of lakes, streams and seawater.

ESC 556 Environmental Biology (Cevre Biyolojisi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
An exposition of basic biological principles concerning interrelations between organisms, particularly those directly affecting man and his environment; behavior of organisms in fresh water, marine and soil environments; effect of pollution on microbial communities, study and understanding of microbiological species and other living organisms in the environment.

ESC 557 Environmental Microbiology (Cevre Mikrobiyolojisi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Fundamentals of microbial life; classification of microorganisms; basic concepts of terrestrial and aquatic microbiology; microbiology of wastewater treatment; commercial applications of microbiology.

ESC 558 Concepts and Models in Ecology (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Ekolojide Kavramlar ve Modeller)
Mechanisms of evolution; population genetics; game theory and evolutionary stable strategies; Red Queen hypothesis; ecology of populations; single-species populations; population dynamics; ecology of communities; conservation ecology. Each issue to be accompanied by papers on related topics and mathematical models.

ESC 561 Unit Operations and Reactor Design for Environmental Engineers *
(Cevre Muhendisleri icin Temel Islemler ve Reaktor Tasarimi) (3+1+0) 3 ECTS 6
Fundamental principles of reaction kinetics, ideal reactor types, introduction to homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions and reactors; mechanical methods of separation such as settling, sedimentation, centrifugation, screening, filtration and electrostatic precipitation; flow through porous media; fundamental principles of heat and mass transfer; mass transfer operations such as absorption and extraction; operations controlled by simultaneous heat and mass transfer such as humidification, distillation evaporation, and crystallization.
*This course is remedial for engineers having background other than environmental and chemical engineering.

ESC 565 Environmental Applications of Unit Operations and Processes*
(Temel Islem ve Sureclerin Cevresel Uygulamalari) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Unit operations such as screening, shredding, grit removal, flow equalization, sedimentation, filtration, ammonia stripping, adsorption, dialysis and reverse osmosis, oxygen transfer and mixing; chemical unit processes such as neutralization , coagulation and flocculation, ion exchange, electrodialysis, disinfection, ammonia removal by ion exchange and breakpoint chlorination; biological unit processes such as activated sludge, trickling filtration, rotary biological unit processes such as activated sludge, trickling filtration, rotary biological contractors, stabilization ponds and aerated lagoons, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, nitrogen removal by nitrification and denitrification, biological phosphorous removal.
* Environmental Technology students cannot take this course for fulling credit requirements.

ESC 566 Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering* (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevre Muhendisliginde Temel Kavramlar)
Principles of ecology and ecological aspects of environmental pollution; chemistry and microbiology in environmental engineering; water resources and quality parameters; air pollution. Water and wastewater treatment; solid waste and air emissions control; sludge and hazardous waste management. Environmental impact assessment; economic aspects of sustainable development.
*This course is remedial for engineers having background other than environmental and chemical engineering. Environmental Technology students cannot take this course for fulling credit requirements.

ESC 567 Environmental Fluid Mechanics* (3+0+0) 3 (Cevresel Akiskanlar Mekanigi)
Properties of fluids, fluid statistics; fundamental principles governing fluid motion; steady and transient flow in conduits; forces in submerged surfaces; compressible and incompressible flow; Navier-Stokes equations; flow of viscous fluids, molecular and turbulent diffusion; fluid flow in natural systems; atmospheric fluid mechanics; atmospheric stability.
*Not for students with engineering background for fulfilling credit requirements. This course is remedial for engineers who have not taken fluid mechanics course before.

ESC 568 Pollution Prevention Assessment (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Kirlilik Onlenmesinin Degerlendirilmesi)
Introduction to the "eco-efficiency" concept and methods of integrating it into industrial and service sectors. Waste minimization and resource conservation based on application of cleaner production. Implementation of best available technologies in selected industries including industrial symbiosis concept. Strategic pollution prevention action plans, legal authorities, international policies, programs and tools. Life cycle assessment in sustainable consumption. Description of life cycle assessment tools and methods. Applications of potential life cycle impact. Use of EU softwares in life cycle assessment of various industrial products.

ESC 570 Environmental Applications of Geographical Information Systems
(Cografi Bilgi Sistemlerinin Cevresel Uygulamalari) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Introduction to Geographical Information System (GIS) methodology. Analysis and manipulation of different kinds of spatial data for accurate and timely information in decision making. Integration of key components; hardware, software, data, people and methods. Types of geographic models: vector and raster models. GIS applications to environmental events.

ESC 571 Introduction to Climate Dynamics (Iklim Dinamigine Giris) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Instrumental and proxy climate data. History of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Climatic subsystems ad fundamental processes. Building and analyzing simple climate models. Introduction to atmospheric and oceanic general circulation models. Climates of terrestrial planets.

ESC 572 Global Environmental Systems (Kuresel Cevre Sistemleri) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Physical, chemical and biological properties and processes of the Earth and its compartments in their past and present states.

ESC 573 Environmental Oceanography (Cevresel Osinografi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Introduction to coastal oceanography; shore processes, waves, tides. Transport and mixing in coastal waters; turbulence and dispersion. Coastal meteorology. Direct and remote sensing. Data analysis and coastal assessment.

ESC 574 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Yenilenebilir ve Yenilenemez Kaynaklar)
Lifetime of renewable and non-renewable resources on the planet; materials, metals and energy; impact of population and technological growth on the resources and environment; possible sustainable technologies for the future.

ESC 575 Environmental Hazard Management (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevresel Zarar Yonetimi)
Environmental hazards, recognition evaluation and recovery; environmental aspects of natural and technological disasters; risk assessment and perception; seismic, atmospheric, hydrologic and technological hazards; disaster debris management; post-disaster sanitation.

ESC 576 Coastal Zone Management (Kiyi Kusagi Yonetimi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Issues and approaches to coastal management. The human aspect of the development and utilization of coastal zones. Physical components of coastal management and dynamic nature of the coastal zone. Evaluation of the structural problems related to the implementation of integrated coastal zone management.

ESC 577 Systems Modeling for Environmental Dynamics (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevresel Dinamikler icin Sistem Modellemesi)
Principles and methods of dynamic systems modeling. Feedback concepts and casual loop diagrams. Structure and behavior of environmental systems. Simulation analysis and validation of dynamic models. Modeling for management and for learning. Modeling and simulation of mass transport. Energetic factors and chemical reactions in the environment. Population dynamics, biogeochemical and eco-toxicological models. Modeling human behavior and man-nature interactions. Spatial dynamic models. Recent developments in ecological and environmental modeling. Non-linearity and abrupt change in environmental systems.

ESC 578 Systems Inquiry and Modeling for Sustainable Development
(Surdurulebilir Kalkinma icin Sistem Arastirmasi ve Modellemesi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
System dynamics research method. Problem identification and hypothesis creation in system dynamics. The sustainable development concept. Problems of sustainable development at local, regional and global scales. Applications of system dynamics on problems of sustainable development. Ecological-economic models, models of renewable and non-renewable resource management, common pool resource problems, urban dynamics, waste management, energy issues, agricultural sustainability, ecosystem management and world dynamics. Environmental conflict resolution by group model building.
Prerequisite: ESC 577 or consent of the instructor.

ESC 541 Environmental Economics (Cevre Ekonomisi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Economic foundations of the degradation of the environment and the depletion of nonrenewable resources; economic implications of the solutions for environmental problems; monetary proxies for benefits and costs of environmental programs; instruments of environmental policy.

ESC 543 Treatment Technologies (Aritma Teknolojileri) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Wastewater characteristics; wastewater treatment objectives; methods; physical unit operations; chemical unit processes; biological unit processes; treatment and disposal of sludge; advanced waste water treatment; land-treatment systems; effluent disposal and reuse.

ESC 545 Environmental Sociology (Cevre Sosyolojisi) (3+0+0) 3
Rural, urban and industrial sociology. Environmental problems affecting social structure. Basic demographic processes. Social sampling techniques, questionnaire design. Statistical methods in data evaluation. Utilization of computer software designed for social science data processing.

ESC 546 Environmental Ethics (Cevre Ahlaki) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
History of ideas on man's place in nature. Evolution of environmentalist movement's ethics in 19th-20th centuries. Contemporary ideas on environment, technology and economic growth relationships. Sustainable development.

ESC 547 Environmental Law (Cevre Hukuku) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
National and international environmental policies and law. Legislation related to the transboundary movement of wastes. Case studies.

ESC 548 Tourism and Environment (Turizm ve Cevre) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
The interrelation between environment and tourism; deterioration of environment by touristic activities accomplished without necessary infrastructure; coastal and rural pollution; determination of carrying capacity of touristic resorts; effects of environment on tourism. Case studies.

ESC 579 Graduate Seminar (Lisansustu Seminer) (0+1+0) 0 Pass/Fail
Widening of students' perspectives and awareness of topics of interest to environmental scientists and engineers through seminars offered by faculty, graduating thesis students, and invited speakers from industry, government, business and academia.

ESC 580-589 Special Topics in Environmental Technology (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevre Teknolojisinde Ozel Konular)
Selected topics related to environmental technology involving theory, practice and research on current environmental problems.

ESC 590-599 Special Topics in Environmental Sciences (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevre Bilimlerinde Ozel Konular)
Selected topics related to environmental sciences involving theory, practice and research on current environmental problems.

ESC 601 Ph.D Seminars in ongoing doctoral studies (0+1+0) 0 Pass/Fail
(Doktora Semineri)
Presentation of the progress in a doctoral study before it is finalized as a dissertation.

ESC 607 Ph.D. Seminar (Doktora Semineri) (1+0+0) 1 ECTS 6
Lectures on selected topics and presentation of research subjects related to Ph.D. thesis work.

ESC 612 Advanced Groundwater Modeling (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Ileri Yeraltisuyu Modellemesi)
Deterministic and stochastic anaysis of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Numerical modeling techniques; parameter estimation, geostatistics, Monte Carlo simulations; contaminant transport. Recent developments in the analysis of groundwater systems.

ESC 613 Nutrient Removal in Advanced Wastewater Treatment (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Ileri Atiksu Aritiminda Besi Maddesi Giderimi)
Nutrient forms, effect of nitrogen and phosphorus discharges and establishment of discharge limits. Nitrification and denitrification; stoichiometry, kinetics, substrate requirements, toxicity. Single and separate-stage carbon oxidation, nitrification/ denitrification processes. Combined nitrification/denitrification systems. Attached-growth biofilm reactors, biofilm kinetics, application of biofilm models to design; nutrient removal in biofilm reactors. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal and configurations. Physicochemical processes for nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
Prerequisite: ESC 517.

ESC 614 Advanced Technologies for Refractory Matter Removal in Water and Effluent Systems (Su ve Atiksu Sistemlerinden Asal Madde Gideriminde Ileri Teknolojiler) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Su ve Atiksu Sistemlerinden Asal Madde Gideriminde Ileri Teknolojiler)
Chemical processes in advanced water and wastewater treatment; ozonation, electrochemical coagulation/precipitation. Ionizing radiation processes; electron beam, gamma and ultrasonic irradiation. Dark and light-catalyzed advanced oxidation processes; reaction pathways and kinetics, process control by toxicity assessment and modeling of radical scavenger effects; comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems for process efficiency. Introduction to physical processes adsorption and membrane technologies: principles, kinetics and limitations.

ESC 615 Environmental Systems Modeling (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevresel Sistemlerin Modellenmesi)
Deterministic, stochastic and predictive models used in environmental analyses. Model construction, calibration and verification. Environmental modeling software and applications.

ESC 623 Air Pollution Meteorology (Hava Kirliligi Meteorolojisi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
The basic meteorology of the urban atmosphere and its effects on air pollution. Structure and properties of the atmospheric boundary layer; atmospheric turbulence and diffusion; isolated point, line, area and volume sources; urban climatology and meteorology. Urban air pollution models.

ESC 632 Hazardous Substances and Management Techniques (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Tehlikeli Maddeler ve Yonetim Teknikleri)
Sources and properties of hazardous wastes. Treatment and disposal techniques. Source reduction; reuse and exchange. Integrated management. Risk assessment; dose-response relationships and models. Review of hazardous waste legislation.

ESC 634 Treatment and Disposal of Wastewater Sludges (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Atiksu Camurlarinin Aritimi ve Uzaklastirilmasi)
Sludge characterization; unit operations and processes in sludge treatment: thickening stabilization, conditioning, dewatering, thermal processes; ultimate disposal methods of wastewater sludges.

ESC 635 Erosion and its Control (Erozyon ve Kontrolu) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Introduction to physical degradation of soils. Erosion development. Water erosion. Wind erosion. Human impacts on erosion. Erosion control factors; contours, terraces, vegetation. Case studies.

ESC 641 Urban and Regional Environmental Planning (3+0+0) 3
(Kentsel ve Bolgesel Cevre Planlamasi)
Ecology and environmental planning. Methodology of urban and rural land use. Urban planning related to population and internal migration. Industrial development and its effect on urbanization. Case studies on coastal zone management, wetlands, industrial sites.

ESC 651 Environmental Toxicology (Cevre Toksikolojisi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
Introduction to toxicology, uptake and distribution of poisons, detoxification, metabolism and depuration, factors modifying toxicity, economic and environmental toxicology, forensic and clinical toxicology, toxicity tests, experimental and predictive toxicology, dose-response relationships, risk analysis, acute, chronic and special toxicity.

ESC 653 Chemistry of the Atmosphere (Atmosfer Kimyasi) (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
General characteristics of the atmosphere. Chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Ions and radicals and free-radical reaction mechanisms in the atmosphere, reactions in the ionosphere, reactions of atmospheric oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, atmospheric sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorofluorocarbons. Chemistry of the gaseous inorganic and organic air pollutants in the atmosphere.

ESC 681-689 Special Projects in Environmental Technology (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevre Teknolojisinde Ozel Konular)
Selected topics related to environmental technology involving theory, practice and research on current environmental problems.

ESC 691-699 Special Projects in Environmental Sciences (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 6
(Cevre Bilimlerinde Ozel Konular)
Selected topics related to environmental sciences involving theory, practice and research on current environmental problems.